In the past, people's grammar began to evolve, and when the desire to express this talent in writing arose, something was needed to write.
Until this time, people were content with simple paintings (colored soil and stones) and painting rocks (Cave Paintings).
BC Around 2900 B.C. the Babylonians were writing on wooden boards. Some are still readable to this day. In ancient Greek times, people used to draw writings on wax boards and these were tied like books. These are considered to be the pioneers of today's first books.
Of course, other civilizations had other writing materials of their own. In East Asia, bark and wood were used on silk bands, and in natural civilizations. The Egyptians wrote their first pictorial writings (Hieroglyphs) on boards made of wax. Almost all the writing arts of the Egyptians were written on papyrus paper. In the production of papyrus, the inner material of the plant is cut thinly with a sharp knife, then stacked crosswise and beaten with a wide-headed hammer. It makes the sticky substance that comes out when beating into a single piece. After drying, the papyrus is ready to be written. Papyrus is an unfoldable material. It breaks or cracks even when folded. The papyrus was stored in thin pipes that could reach 40m in length. There were thousands of these pipes in the great libraries of ancient times.
Approximately BC. In 200, pergament paper abolished the use of papyrus. Pergament got its name from the Greek ancient city of Pergamon and its construction was perfected there. The biggest difference between pergament and papyrus (and today's paper) is that pergament is not plant-based, that is, it is made of animal skin. Chalk powder was used to remove the hair and fluff on the skins. After stretching the skins into wooden frames, the top layer was hardened with a sharp knife. Since Pergament was very durable and also very expensive, the writings on it were scraped and used for rewriting.
In 105 A.C., a man named Ysai Lun was working in the Lei Yang palace of Chinese Emperor Hu Ti. He obtained the writing material he invented at that time by mixing tree bark with old fishing nets and beating it with water.
Tsai Lun, who formed the basis of paper making, is considered to be the inventor of Paper.
Papermaking was kept a state secret by the Chinese for nearly 600 years. Arab nations A.S. In 751 they defeated a Chinese army and carried this secret to the west. The first paper production facilities started production in Semarkand with the information received from Chinese prisoners. Production information slowly reached Africa and then to Europe rapidly, and paper-cardboard production took its place among the important branches of industry.
Today, one of the development indicators of countries is the consumption of paper and cardboard per capita. This rate is over 200 kg in Finland, Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands and Germany, 62 kg in Greece, 32 kg in Turkey, and the world average is 48.5 kg.
Paper-board producer countries also have raw material resources. Some countries like our country can compete with the said countries by importing cellulose, which is the raw material. Turkey ranks 28th in world paper-cardboard production with an installed capacity of 1.5 million tons. Considering that 3.2 million tons of paper-cardboard will be consumed in our country even if paper-cardboard consumption per capita rises to the world average in parallel with economic developments, it is inevitable that the importance of paper-cardboard production will gradually increase.
Paper-cardboard industry; It is an industry branch that includes the stages from wood, annual plants and waste paper raw materials to the production of cellulose, wood pulp, old paper pulp, and the conversion of these intermediate products to paper with various mechanical and chemical processes. Cellulose forms intermediate products, and paper-cardboards form the final product.